Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in which a rapid temporary weakening or stunning of the muscular portion of the heart. Usually left ventricle enlarges and functioning is reduced. It is commonly known as Stress Cardiomyopathy.

The main cause of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is stress; it may be emotional stress or physical stress.

Few mechanisms have been proposed to understand Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, which include.

·      Transient vasospasm

·      Microvascular dysfunction

·      Mid-ventricular obstruction and apical stunning

·      Catecholamine-induced myocyte injury

Common Causes of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

·      Rapid drop in blood pressure

·      Serious illness or medical procedure

·      Severe pain

·      Domestic violence

·      Asthma attack

·      Accident

·      Unexpected loss, illness, or injury of a close relative, friend, or pet

·      Fierce argument

·      Financial loss

·      Intense fear

·      Public speaking

Symptoms of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

·      Chest pain

·      Breathlessness or collapsing

·      Palpitations

·      Nausea

·      Vomiting

Diagnostic methods for Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

·      Angiogram

·      Blood Test

·      Echocardiogram

·      Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans

Treatment

·  Supportive care under medical supervision is required till left ventricular function in retained.

· Beta-blockers and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor drugs are prescribed as they promote heart muscle recovery.

·  Anticoagulants are administered to avoid a stroke.

·  Anti-anxiety or beta-blocker medication may be prescribed for a longer period of time to help control the release of stress hormones. It is also important to improve or manage the stress that may have played a role in triggering the disorder.

Life-threatening complications of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

·      Heart failure

·      Severe heart arrhythmias

·      Blood clot

·      Heart valve problems

·      Cardiogenic shock